The World Progress Without The Progression Of Women s...

Women, throughout the history of western civilization, have struggled to fight for their rights as equal citizens. The problem of gender inequality has been prevalent for centuries. The movement for equal opportunity has gained traction in different eras but is still far from complete. Today, we are faced with an America that has made a choice. It has made a choice for division, for stagnancy and for retrogression. Women have been subtly told that their value does not rest in politics, nor in business, but after the results of the 2016 election cycle that subtly is gone. Today, America is different from what it was yesterday. The underlying notes of sexism are no longer hidden. A society that was once seen as progressive and accepting, has now taken a significant reversal in this fight. America has told its women to be smaller, be quieter, and to not overshadow their male counterparts. How did American culture fail women so thoroughly? How did the western world progress without the progression of women s rights? History has not been favorable towards women. The societies in times past have denied and patronized strong women and this patronization has continued into the present day. The movement for women s equality is an undying and seemingly never ending fight. There has been marked progress throughout the development of civilization. Women have reclaimed some of their basic human rights, such as the right to vote, the right to education, and have gained politicalShow MoreRelatedThe Fight For Women s Rights1711 Words   |  7 Pagesthat advocate the equal rights of women on all grounds. While the concept has been present for centuries, its magnitude in the United States has only become largely recognized throughout the 20th century. In particular, feminism has had its most lasting effects through two large waves in the early 1900’s, whilst fighting for women’s suffrage, and the 1960’s to 1970’s, which focused on women in the workp lace and counteracting the submissive roles assigned to women in the 1950’s. These political battlesRead MoreA Historical Perspective: The Wage Gap1586 Words   |  7 Pagesseveral decades, most American women occupied a supportive, home oriented role within society, outside of the workplace. However, as the mid-twentieth century approached a gender role paradigm occurred. The sequence of the departure of men for war, the need to fill employment for a growing economy, a handful of critical legal cases, the Black Civil Rights movement seen and heard around the nation, all greatly influenced and demanded social change for human and women’s rights. This momentous period beganRead MoreHow The Times Have Changed?1038 Words   |  5 PagesHow the Times Have Changed? On Halloween, I decided to replicate the style and overall persona of 90’s R B star Aaliyah. I wore baggy male pants, crop top, Timberland boots, and a large overcoat. Even though my prissy and consecutive mother was not very fond of my costume selection, I wore best Halloween costume at the neighborhood party. I was not judge or criticized for being in what was established as male clothing because it is the social norm for my generation and the generation before meRead MoreEducation Plays An Important Role In Sh1412 Words   |  6 Pagesof information by reading books for the subject you are interested in such as current affairs, mathematics, exchange rates and so on. Better education can make a person more civilized and useful for the society. One cannot image a prosperous life without appropriate education. Education also helps to develop healthy surroundings. Every object that a mankind creates is based over the knowledge that he attains through education. 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Instant Gratification Brave New World - 1368 Words

Instant Gratification Brave New World is about a dystopian society in which people live after one thing: satisfaction. The pain of childbearing and family upbringing is replaced with the mass manufacturing of babies, along with intense conditioning that has citizens trained to not worry, be upset, be dramatic, or be â€Å"queer†. The people are focused on working, appeasing their sexual desires, playing games, and other entertaining pastimes. The pursuance of constant, instant gratification is what makes this dystopia go round, where no problems arise where all needs are appeased with no complications. In case of one falling out of happiness, one will always have access to a euphoria-inducing drug to restart. Neil Postman said that Aldous†¦show more content†¦Ã¢â‚¬ËœI’d rather be myself,’ he said. ‘Myself and nasty. Not somebody else, however jolly.’ (Huxley 60). Bernard is initially upset with something that his society does to maintain consistent satisfaction: the use of soma, a drug that instills ecstasy within its user without the inconvenient drawbacks of normal drug/alcohol usage. He is afflicted by the fact that one would use soma to essentially ignore their problems and â€Å"fake† their emotions. This dissatisfaction carries on with his viewpoint on how his society treats women, â€Å"‘Talking about her as though she were a bit of meat.’ Bernard ground his teeth. ‘Have her here, have her there.’ Like mutton. Degrading her to so much mutton† (Huxley 33). As a rule, â€Å"everyone belongs to everyone†, and Bernard believes women are treated disgracefully and only for the use of sexual pleasure. This also contributes as â€Å"laughing instead of thinking† that afflicts him, as well as, finally, the thrill of pastimes as an everyday activity outside of work, compared to individualist hobbies and mental activities (discussion): â€Å"Then what about a round of Electro-magnetic Golf at St. Andrew’s? But again, no: Bernard considered that Electro-magnetic Golf was a waste of time. ‘Then what’s time for?’ asked Lenina in some astonishment. Apparently, for going walks in the Lake District; for that was what he now proposed...‘Alone with you, Lenina.’ ‘But,Show MoreRelatedA Brave New World by Aldous Huxley1756 Words   |  7 PagesAldous Huxley is best known for his novel Brave New World, which depicts a post-industrial revolution utopia. Huxley greatly feared the ramifications to an industrialized world run by consumer capitalism, which is displayed in Brave New World. 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Ethics in the Information Technology

Question: Discuss about Ethics in the Information Technology. Answer: The by-gone century had limited use of computing technology. This meant that most of the processes were slow. Information and details were well handled per se. with the advent of computer, information and almost entirely every sphere of life changed with integration of the ICT gimmicks. Longer processes were turned to be seamless and storage of information became an easy task. However, this has not been without challenges as well. It has put to surmountable risk the participants and the owners of the data stored. This has in the resent past shown volatility in terms of the magnitude of the consequences that result from breaching of privacy and confidentiality of such information (Relkin, 2006). However, this can be mitigated through by each party meeting its obligations as well as setting up of code of ethics. This paper will in verbose, seek to explore and bring to application of the ethical concerns of information technology with reference to the infamous Ashley Madison case. Ashley Madison case Ashley Madison is an online dating cite that was established in 2002 with a primary goal of helping, married couples date. That is, its for married people who are seeking affairs. It acts as a platform of connecting different parties with their fit partner. This makes the website sensitive as it involves secret affairs about the participants (Boyle, 2015). The website subscription is free and they only charge sending of messages or other virtue oriented packages. On 15 July 2015, the organization data base faced a crime know as cyber vigilantism. The vandalized information included email, names and residential details, and credit card payment details, a more sensitive details were sexual relation details. Where information of about 37 million people was released. The hackers realized the emails of participants online which not only included individuals but also Ministry of Defense emails, email from universities, government based emails, police emails as well as political elites emai ls (Krebs, 2015). The resultant of this was a great defamation of the organizations and the individuals who were implicated in the report. An example of such is the SNP MP Michael Thompson whose email was in the dumped list (Boyle, 2015) Implications of the data released The hacked data had diverse implications as viewed by the parties involved, companies and families as well as other icons who were implicated in the hacking release. The companys image would be extremely tainted resulting to major changed in bid to recover the loss. The companys Chief Executive Officer resigned and the company as well changed it original name. With the unprecedented breach of privacy, the data had a very high potential of ruining marriages. In additional, the release of explicit sex video also caused public embarrassment and emotional breakdown of the implicated victims. Sadly, the effect of such a cyber-crime over spilled to innocent individual whose emails were used without their knowledge-the website allowed a user mail without confirmation (Krebs, 2015). The effect of the release would be also felt by the service members. As the reported showed that more than 15000 mails belonged to government and military, these would result to punishments by the respective authorities as it is against their code of ethics as well as misuses of government assets and resources. The consequences of this can be much grander as it would results to discharge or facing court charges (Mason and Sharp, 2015). Among the reported effects of the hack were 3 suicides, two divorces of evangelists and an ousted town mayor and disgraced prosecutors. To the company, the event was a hazardous to the business, the Avid Life Media- the owner of the hacked website- faced a tempestuous blow from the hackers. The company lost public trust as pertaining security and privacy. This meant a financial implication as a profit seeking entity. In addition, the companys lie was revealed pertaining deleting clients information. The Chief Operating Officer (CEO) resigned due to the Scandal. The Company assured its clients that their data was deleted. However, despite charging their clients, the data was intact during the infamous hack. In due regard to this case, the company may be subject to be prosecuted I the court of law by the agitated customers/ clients for defamation (Mason and Sharp, 2015). In addition to the consequences, the hackers posed strict threat-driven requests such as closing of the entire dating domain. Which if the victim company would not comply would lead to further destruction by release of more sensitive data of their cust omers. Today the firm faces serious court changes against bleaching of confidentiality both in Canada and in US. Multiple class-action suits have been registered against the com [any which could cost the company fines worth billions of US dollars (Holler). Among the plaintiffs is the U.S federal Trade Commission Avid Life Media in their response to the major crime, they insinuated that there was a high probability that the team behind the act was once either an employee of the company or had come across the companies technical networks. In addition to this, the revealed internal survey details elucidated that the company was aware that their security was at stake and subject to exposure. The dispute should be settled out the legal precincts. As much the government and IT specialist tried to put down and reveal the hacker, the hacker had left no any lead that could lead to his arrest. Thus this left all the effort to settle the dispute in court almost impossible. Therefore the only option that would have been adopted by the two parties- the company and its clients together with the secondary victims -would to settle for more secure ethical methods of securing data. The privacy had already been breached and cant be reversed, therefore the parties should resolve this dispute in basis of ethical considerations This case presents an ethical case where by privacy agreement has been defaulted. The Ashley Madison Company failed to adhere to its agreement with its customer pertaining deleting of information as well as maintaining discrete privacy. Ethical Obligations of All the Stakeholders In all the spheres of information, there is always obligations by either parties that should be maintained that no bleach of information considered private that is bleached or leaked to third parties. Furthermore, the two parties have an obligation to protect the public from such instances that bring public shame and disgrace. Additionally the company has a legal obligation to observe privacy, this means that the company can be charged in court of law for defamation that can result from releasing of destructive information. Another obligation pertains moral responsibility. The stake holders should possess the virtue of being careful, considerate and trustworthy. This simply means that there is collective efforts by the concerned teams. In addition, all the stake holders has an obligation of giving reports and inform all the parties of any changes as well as mistakes and corrections (Loui and Miller, 2016). Any company holding a clients information should ensure it explicitly respects the privacy of the second party, this should not be matter of legal requirement but to ensure that the welfare of the concerned parties is upheld with honor and respect. On the other hand, the client has an obligation to ensure that he understands and complies with the processing methods and procedure of information. This pertains keeping having a personal level of confidentiality and ensuring that his/her action do not put the contractual privacy in any way. To the public, all the stakeholders have an obligation to the general population. They must avoid endangering others. This obligates the e stakeholders to ensure safety and to improve the quality of life for the entire public. In addition to this, the computing professionals should educate the public on computing. This would raise awareness about safety and risks that is found in computing (Loui and Miller, 2016). The computing professionals should provide technical facts. However when the publics interest conflicts with emplo yers interest, the professional employees should alert the people and the clients for any threat that may arise from such. Some of the data if released to the public, it ay results to harm and insecurity in general. For example: the release of the infidelity information for the Ashley Madison website caused suicides to the spouses of the victims. It also resulted to release of explicit videos that damaged the reputation of individuals. According to Weckert and Lucas (2009), business should be carried on without harming anyone. Therefore this necessitates proper handling of sensitive data by all the parties. In conclusion, the IT professionals must take lead when it comes to the issue of ethical consideration (Aynsley, 2015) Guidance from the Australian Computer Societys Code of Ethics Australian code of Ethics is a set of principles and rules that guide the computer users in Australia, however some of the ethics are applicable to the victim company pertaining privacy and information ethics. The Primacy of the Public Interest. The company should have invested in the provision of discrete privacy to its clients. The company placed its interests ahead of the clients. Theses is evidenced by the company charging of information deleting whereas as exposed, this was not performed. The company did not consider the effect the exposure of the information would cause to the clients (Graham and Low, 2014). Therefore the company is to blame and be held responsible for the event. Competence The competence of the company ability to hold information with privacy is doubtable. Having been in the industry that handled sensitive information the company failed to meet minimum standards as pertaining securing the information. Professional excellence should be based on laid down standards for appropriate level of competence. The company should strive to maintain such standards. With information technology being dynamic, the professionals should upgrade their technical skills and technology. All the stake holders should adhere to the contracts all the times. Honoring and remaining committed to the contract shows integrity and honesty. Moreover, all the parties should support policies that protect the dignity of the users and third parties that can be affected by such information ((Graham and Low, 2014)) In conclusion, drawing from Australian computer agency code of ethics, the company failed to honor the privacy of its consumers there by resulting to breach. References Aynsley, B. (2015). The importance of ethical conduct. [online] Theaustralian.com.au. Available at: https://www.theaustralian.com.au/business/technology/opinion/ethics-essential-for-ict-professionals/news-story/78307af0586683a61e7a0d537c5f6cf8 [Accessed 8 Sep. 2016]. Boyle, D. (2015). Ashley Madison hack: Live updates as 'UK Government email addresses' in data of 32 million dumped online. [online] Telegraph.co.uk. Available at: https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/11811356/Ashley-Madison-hack-live.html [Accessed 8 Sep. 2016]. Graham, R. and Low, G. (2014). 2nd ed. [ebook] Australian Computer Agency. Available at: https://www.acs.org.au/__data/assets/pdf_file/0014/4901/Code-of-Professional-Conduct_v2.1.pdf [Accessed 8 Sep. 2016]. Krebs, B. (2015). Online Cheating Site AshleyMadison Hacked Krebs on Security. [online] Krebsonsecurity.com. Available at: https://krebsonsecurity.com/2015/07/online-cheating-site-ashleymadison-hacked/ [Accessed 8 Sep. 2016]. Loui, M. And Miller, K. (2016). Ethics And Professional Responsibility In Computing. [Online] Available At: https://www.ideals.illinois.edu/bitstream/handle/2142/12247/ecse909.pdf?sequence=2 [Accessed 8 Sep. 2016]. Mason, J. and Sharp, A. (2015). Hacker's Ashley Madison data dump threatens marriages, reputations| Canada| Reuters. [online] Ca.reuters.com. Available at: https://ca.reuters.com/article/domesticNews/idCAKCN0QN2BN20150819 [Accessed 8 Sep. 2016]. Relkin, J. (2006). 10 ethical issues confronting IT managers - TechRepublic. [online] TechRepublic. Available at: https://www.techrepublic.com/article/10-ethical-issues-confronting-it-managers/ [Accessed 8 Sep. 2016]. Weckert, J. and Lucas, R. (2009). The Governance of Information and Communication Technology. AJIS, 16(1).

Social Work Practice Essay Example Essay Example

Social Work Practice Essay Example Paper Social Work Practice Essay Introduction Two Perspectives of Engagement with Clients One thing that makes social work stand out from other professions is the relationship that a social worker builds with their client. It is an important factor but can also be very challenging at times. There are several stages to the social work treatment process. Those stages include; engagement, assessment, intervention, and termination (USC VAC, 2013). It is vital that a social worker begin to develop a relationship with their client during their first session and build on that relationship over time.The treatment stage in which a social worker can initiate the development of a relationship with their client is in the engagement stage, which serves as the foundation for the rest of the sessions to come. One thing to consider as a social worker is to be able to identify with your clients. The best way to do that is to be aware of your own cultural values, beliefs and preferences you hold and also how you would want a social worker to inte ract with you. Being a self-aware social worker is imperative so that you can keep from bringing you own thoughts and ideas into the treatment plan for your client.Understanding and knowing where you stand on certain issues important thing to be conscious of so that you know what to separate yourself from while trying to build rapport with a client. Social Work Practice Essay Body Paragraphs If I Were the Client As a beginning social worker it is important for me to be aware of my own personal values and beliefs and also think about how I would like to be treated as client by a social worker during the engagement phase. Seeking help for emotional issues is always hard to do no matter how accepting you are of the mental health processes.Building a rapport with my social worker and establishing trust are essential to me in the beginning stages phases of my treatment. I want to feel as if my social worker truly cares about why I am there As a black, female client, working with a hypothetical white, male therapist one thing that would be very important for my social worker to be aware of is where I come from and how my environment might influence my treatment process. I need to my social worker to work with me in finding solutions to the problems I am facing.Utilizing the ecological perspective during my treatment would be very beneficial to getting the root of the problem. I would feel that my social worker does not only care about my treatment but is an advocate in helping to achieve that change. According to McKay et al (1996), the ecological perspective consists of four critical elements; (1) clarifying the helping process, which is the social worker introducing themselves to me and explaining the treatment process and making sure I understand exactly what the process is, (McKay et al (1996) p. 465). 2) Developing the foundation for a collaborative working environment which would include finding a balance between the information needed to obtain the appropriate intake information and allowing me, the client, to tell my story of why I am there in the first place, (McKay et al (1996) p. 465). (3) Focus on immediate, practical concerns; this would mean that my social worker is prepared to respond to crisis situations, negotiate with other systems that may be a barrier of some kind to my treatment and be able to respond to any presenting concerns, (McK ay et al (1996) p. 65). I need to feel as though my social worker is just as active in my treatment as I am and is providing all the resources and help they can give. Lastly, (4) Identify and problem- solve around barriers to help seeking, (McKay et al (1996) p. 465). It would be important for my social worker to know if I have been in therapy before what that experience was for me; whether it was negative or not. It would be easier for me to trust my therapist when they are knowledgeable of all of my obstacles; whether they are personal or environmental.For example, one thing that would be vital for my white, male therapist to explore and understand before working with me is the obstacles I may face just by being a black female. It is important for me to feel as though my social worker really values my thoughts, opinions and feelings. One way to do that would the social workers ability to empathize with me. Empathy â€Å"is the act of perceiving, understanding, experiencing, and r esponding to the emotional state and ideas of another person,† (Gerdes amp; Segal, 2011, p. 41). Even if my social worker does not share the same views as me, being able to see things from my perspective and genuinely understand where I come from is the most important quality my social worker can bring to the table when working with me. According to Gerdes amp; Segal (2011), there are two main components to empathy; emotional empathy and expressed cognitive empathy. Emotional empathy is â€Å"the ability to be affected by the clients’ emotions,† (Gerdes amp; Segal, 2011, p. 141).Although I do not want my social worker to be as distressed as I am, I need to know that they are not an emotional robot and they can see why I am experiencing the emotions I am experiencing. Expressed cognitive empathy is â€Å"the translation of such feelings into words,† (Gerdes amp; Segal, 2011, p. 141). By my social worker being able to verbalize with me that they comprehend m y emotional state of mind, that would relieve a lot of anxiety for me just knowing that what I am feeling is not so far-fetched and that it can be understood by a complete stranger.If I Were the Social Worker Let’s envision a Chinese – American female named Kim Le, who lives in San Diego is coming to meet me; her therapist, for the first time. Kim Le is 17 years old, a senior in high school and is the first generation in her family to be born in the United States. While working with Kim Le, it would be essential for me to be culturally competent. Being culturally competent will allow me to â€Å"provide care that serves her social, cultural and linguistic needs, (Buckley, T. B. , 2012).Understanding Kim Le’s culturally background is essential in developing a treatment plan and establishing trust with her. Being the first generation to be born in the United States is a barrier that she and I would have work through. It is common for a social worker to â€Å"ack nowledge our own barriers to intercultural understanding,† (Buckley, T. B. , 2012). Another to consider while working with Kim Le is to acknowledge the cultural influence on her desire to seek therapy. Chinese cultures are more likely to try home remedies to deal with illness which may also include mental health.If her social worker felt that Kim Le needed mood stabilizing medications it would be important to explore natural ways of obtaining the same results or at least understand why Kim Le might object to the medications. Along with being understood culturally, it would be essential for me as Kim Le’s social worker to evaluate her levels of anxiety and self- confidence. It seems logically to assume that she may be feeling such a way for coming into therapy for the first time and also having a multicultural background. One way for me to explore these emotions with Kim Le would be to use sustaining procedures.According to Woods and Hollis (2000), sustainment can be use d to reduce feelings on anxiety or lack of self-confidence. The idea of sustainment is for a social worker to openly express their confidence and esteem for the client. (Woods amp; Hollis, 2000, p. 131). â€Å"Exploring the nature of the clients difficulties,† (Woods amp; Hollis, 2000, p. 131) is a dynamic step in developing a rapport with the client. By trying to figure out what is going on with the client and working together on the problem shows the client that they are values as a person and that the social worker cares about them as a person as well as their treatment process.Sustainment can also be beneficial to use when dealing with multicultural client like Kim Le. By understanding her background and sympathizing with the difficulties of being a minority that can help reduce the anxiety she is feeling about being in therapy. It is common knowledge that the Asian cultural has very specific social etiquettes that differ significantly from that of the American culture. B y â€Å"being aware of different cultural groups meanings to certain non-verbal behaviors,† (Hepworth et al, 2012, p. 166) it can help eliminate counterproductive communication patterns.The first step a social worker can do to make sure that they are not silently offending their clients is by simply being aware of their non-verbal behaviors. For example, if I were a male therapist, it might be considered disrespectful if I looked Kim Le directly in her eyes during our session. So I would need to be aware of where I was looking so that Kim Le could remain as comfortable as possible. Differences and Similarities One similarity I can see between me and Kim Le as the client is that we are both minorities and have certain barriers to deal with because of our ethnicity.Our therapist must be cultural competent and aware of our ethnic differences to be able to work with us effectively, and to be able to gain our trust. It is important for us to have social worker to be empathetic of our situation when it comes to dealing with the obstacle our ethnicities gives us. One big difference is that, even though we are both minorities, she is the first generation of her family to be born in the United States. Our cultures differ tremendously because I am very much American in my culture and spiritual practices while Kim Le probably does not even speak English at home with her family.Although that difference may seem minuet it is significant enough for a social worker to consider when working with individuals with those differences. For Kim Le, she not only has to deal with being Chinese in America, but she also has to deal with being American in a Chinese household. I do not have to deal with that duel cultural identity. For a social worker is important to see those little differences between their clients and be able to understand them and work with them. It shows the client how invested you are in their care and it also makes you a well-rounded social worker. We will write a custom essay sample on Social Work Practice Essay Example specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Social Work Practice Essay Example specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Social Work Practice Essay Example specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer

The Seismoscope Is One of the Great Chinese Inventions

The Seismoscope Is One of the Great Chinese Inventions There are few things more disconcerting than the sensation of the seemingly-solid Earth suddenly rolling and pitching beneath ones feet. As a result, humans have sought ways to measure or even predict earthquakes for thousands of years. Although we still cant accurately predict earthquakes, humans have come a long way in detecting, recording, and measuring seismic shocks. This process began nearly 2000 years ago, with the invention of the first seismoscope in China. The First Seismoscope In 132 CE, inventor, Imperial Historian, and Royal Astronomer Zhang Heng displayed his amazing earthquake-detection machine, or seismoscope, at the court of the Han Dynasty. Zhangs seismoscope was a giant bronze vessel, resembling a barrel almost 6 feet in diameter. Eight dragons snaked face-down along the outside of the barrel, marking the primary compass directions. In each dragons mouth was a small bronze ball. Beneath the dragons sat eight bronze toads, with their broad mouths gaping to receive the balls. We dont know exactly what the first seismoscope looked like. Descriptions from the time give us an idea about the size of the instrument and the mechanisms that made it work. Some sources also note that the outside of the seismoscopes body was beautifully engraved with mountains, birds, tortoises, and other animals, but the original source of this information is difficult to trace. The exact mechanism that caused a ball to drop in the event of an earthquake also is not known. One theory is that a thin stick was set loosely down the center of the barrel. An earthquake would cause the stick to topple over in the direction of the seismic shock, triggering one of the dragons to open its mouth and release the bronze ball. Another theory posits that a baton was suspended from the lid of the instrument as a free-swinging pendulum. When the pendulum swung widely enough to strike the side of the barrel, it would cause the closest dragon to release its ball. The sound of the ball striking the toads mouth would alert observers to the earthquake. This would give a rough indication of the earthquakes direction of origin, but it did not provide any information about the intensity of the tremors. Proof of Concept Zhangs wonderful machine was called houfeng didong yi, meaning an instrument for measuring the winds and the movements of the Earth. In earthquake-prone China, this was an important invention.   In one instance, just six years after the device was invented, a large quake estimated at a magnitude seven struck what is now Gansu Province. People in the Han Dynastys capital city of Luoyang, 1,000 miles away, did not feel the shock. However, the seismoscope alerted the emperors government to the fact that a quake had struck somewhere to the west. This is the first known instance of scientific equipment detecting an earthquake that had not been felt by humans in the area. The seismoscopes findings were confirmed several days later when messengers arrived in Luoyang to report a major earthquake in Gansu. ChineseSeismoscopes on the Silk Road? Chinese records indicate that other inventors and tinkerers in the court improved upon Zhang Hengs design for the seismoscope over the centuries that followed. The idea seems to have spread westward across Asia, probably carried along the Silk Road.   By the 13th century, a similar seismoscope was in use in Persia, although the historical record does not provide a clear link between the Chinese and Persian devices. It is possible that the great thinkers of Persia hit upon a similar idea independently.

Is the New SAT Harder 6 Challenging Changes

Is the New SAT Harder 6 Challenging Changes SAT / ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips Significant changes are coming to the SAT in 2016, but the effect they'll have on the student experience is debatable. Is the new SAT harder?It's impossible to tell for sure without any data on new score patterns. In the meantime, we can make a few predictions for how the changes to the format and content of the test could increase its difficulty. In this article, I'll give you an overview of the changes to the test, list some factors that might make it more challenging, and suggest study strategies for students who may struggle on the new SAT. Overview of Changes for the New SAT You should know some relevant background information before we dive into the reasons the test might be more challenging.Here’s a summary of changes you can expect on the new SAT.For more details, check out this article. Overall Format: The new SAT will be out of 1600 points instead of 2400 points. The Reading and Writing (which is now called Writing and Language) sections will be compressed into one section worth 800 points (Math will still have its own section). There will be four answer choices for each question instead of five. There are only four sections plus the essay, similar to the structure of the ACT (Reading, Writing and Language, Math with no calculator, and Math with a calculator). Reading: There will be no more sentence completion questions (all questions are passage-based)! Some questions will ask you to identify textual evidence for your answers to previous questions. You'll see data interpretation questions that will ask you to read charts and graphs that relate to the passages. Writing and Language: All questions will be based on longer passages rather than individual sentences. Writing style (paragraph structure, making logical arguments) will be more important than it was on the old test. You'll see a few data interpretation questions on this section as well. Essay: It's gonna be optional! You'll get 50 minutes instead of 25 You will need to analyze an argument that you read in a passage rather than writing a personal opinion-based response to a prompt. Your essay score won’t impact your Reading and Writing score. Math: There will be some trigonometry on the test. Some problems will have more than one part. There's a no calculator section. Questions will deal with real-world scenarios more frequently, and there will be fewer â€Å"tricky† questions. Ooh so many shiny new changes! Why Might It Be Harder? Here are a few reasons why I think the new SAT could be harder in general. You Can’t Memorize Vocabulary for Points One of the major changes on the new SAT is that there are no more sentence completion questions.The College Board is trying to de-emphasize knowledge of obscure vocabulary words on the test.Many of these words are not relevant to students after high school, and there have been claims that the old sentence completion questions favor wealthier students.On the new SAT, you will see vocabulary in context questions rather than sentence completion questions.These questions will refer to a word in the passage and ask you to choose the answer that represents its most accurate definition given the context. With this new format, memorizing lists of SAT words won’t help you much.You’ll need to have strong overall reading comprehension skills to understand nuances in the definitions of more common words.It’s harder to study for these questions than it might be to study for sentence completion questions because the skills you need are usually acquired over time through independent reading rather than by studying vocab flashcards. Domino Effect on Reading Questions Another new feature on the Reading section is the inclusion of â€Å"find the evidence† questions.You’ll get a question about a reading passage that requires you to make an inferred conclusion.Then, the next question will ask you to choose the evidence that you used for your answer.You’ll have a choice of four different quotes from the passage. I describe this as a â€Å"domino effect† because if you get the first question wrong (or can’t decide on an answer), you’ll probably get the second one wrong too.Even if you get the first question right, you might not be able to pinpoint the quote that fits best as evidence.Since one question relies on the other, it’s easy for things to get messy. I'm presenting this view of the situation because this article is about how the test might be harder. However, it's also possible that these types of questions will make things easier for you instead. Seeing potential direct evidence for your answer might make you realize a mistake on the previous question and actually help to improve your score. I think it's likely that this will balance out the problem. Noooo skinny naked Pillsbury Doughboy! What have you done?! More Reading Overall The new SAT involves a lot more reading than the current (soon to be old) SAT.All the Reading questions are based on passages.Even the Writing questions will reference parts of passages rather than isolated sentences.The essay also involves more reading because you’re asked to analyze an argument made in a passage rather than just reading a short prompt and responding to it. Less Room for Subjectivity and Variation on the Essay The essay is changing a lot on the new version of the test.Whereas before you had to form an opinion and make up your own examples, now you will be asked to analyze an author’s argument. This will make for stricter grading criteria and less flexibility in general.On the new essay, there will be pretty clear correct and incorrect responses. Data Interpretation Questions The new SAT is going to have graphs on the Reading and Writing sections! The horror!This actually isn’t so bad, but it’s different from anything the College Board has done on the test in the past.These new types of questions could be confusing or challenging for some students who aren’t comfortable drawing conclusions in this context (or have avoided the ACT because of the Science section!). More Advanced Math and Writing Content Math problems will get a little more in-depth with the inclusion of word problems that have more than one part in the grid-in section.Higher-level concepts will be tested, including a light sprinkling of basic trigonometry. The Writing section will also test a wider variety of concepts that may be more challenging. The old Writing section primarily focused on grammatical rules, whereas the new SAT Writing section will ask more questions about stylistic choices within long passages.For example, questions will ask you to determine where a sentence belongs logically in a paragraph. Thankfully, only Writing style matters on the new SAT, not sartorial style. You can wear a burlap sack to the test for all I care (but I wouldn't recommend it; that stuff is distractingly itchy). Will It Be Harder for You? How Can You Prepare? It depends partially on what kind of student you are.I’ll go through a few different qualities that might cause students to struggle on the new test and provide prep strategies to help you combat these problems. Case #1: You Tend to Rely on Memorization Like I said in the previous section, memorizing vocabulary words won’t help you much on the new SAT. If you’re a really intense studier and were hoping to ace the Reading section based on memorization skills, you might have some trouble.Understanding meaning in context will be a critical skill, so on-the-spot analytical thinking is more important than remembering the dictionary definition of â€Å"obsequious.† You should still know what obsequious means, though, because it's a fun word, and it describes a lot of people. Study Strategies: Practice with passage-based questions.The best remedy for this issue is to get more comfortable with answering the types of questions that are hard for you.Although there are limited practice resources for the new SAT, passage-based questions on the old SAT will still be helpful to you for this purpose. You can also practice reading comprehension in your daily life.Set aside time every day to read a couple of challenging articles online.Learning through experience is the easiest way to build better reading comprehension skills. Case #2: You’re a Slow Reader The new SAT will have way more reading than the current version, which means that time problems are more likely to happen.All questions in both the Reading and Writing portions are based off of passages rather than individual sentences.If you had trouble with time on the Reading section in the past, the new test might end up being harder. Study Strategies: Again, I’d recommend setting aside more time for independent reading.You can also try and build up your speed by taking practice tests.The key is to start preparing early so that you have time to improve; reading quickly and comprehensively is a skill that you won’t learn overnight. You can also practice with the ACT English and Reading sections.ACT English is very similar to the new SAT Writing section because it’s all based on passages.It's a good idea to check out some strategies for ACT English that will give you better ways to approach this new format.ACT Reading is pretty different from SAT Reading in terms of what the questions look like, but if you’re just trying to improve your reading speed, you should time yourself and try to complete the section. Case #3: You’re Less Confident in Math and Science The new SAT will test slightly more advanced concepts in Math, and it will also include a bit of data interpretation.If the Math section is the scariest part of the SAT for you, the new test could be more of a challenge.Math will also make up a greater proportion of your score with the elimination of the separate Writing section (half of the test versus a third).Your math skills will have a greater influence on your overall performance. Study Strategies: You can also use the ACT as a resource in this situation.The ACT Science section will give you some practice with data interpretation questions.ACT Math problems are more aligned with the format of the math section on the new SAT as well (trigonometry, more straightforward problems).Make sure you’re comfortable with any formulas that might show up on the test.You can also buy a review book that’s specifically designed to improve your math skills. If all you see when you look at this image is a terrible drawing of a staircase, you might have reason to be concerned about the new SAT. Conclusion: Is the New SAT Harder? That really depends on what's challenging for you! Changes thatmight make the testmore difficult include: Memorization won’t help you as much Some reading questions depend on one another There’s more reading overall The essay has a less flexible grading structure You’ll have to do some data interpretation Math and Writing concepts are a little more advanced You personally may find the new SAT particularly difficult if: You tend to rely on memorization for your vocabulary knowledge Speed reading is not your forte Your skills in Reading and Writing are significantly stronger than your skills in Math The good news is that now you know what’s going to be on the test, and you can prepare accordingly.If you think you might struggle, make sure you plan your studying well in advance so that you aren’t caught off guard by the demands of the new format. What's Next? How can you set an appropriate goal for your score on the new SAT? Read this article for some advice on calculating a target score based on your plans for college. The new SAT is similar to the ACT in many ways. Check out this article for a full breakdown of the difference and similarities between the two tests. Should you even take the new SAT, or is the ACT a better choice? This article will guide you in figuring out which one suits you better. Disappointed with your scores? Want to improve your SAT score by 240 points?We've written a guide about the top 5 strategies you must be using to have a shot at improving your score. Download it for free now:

Enclosed in attachment. (Psychology) Research Paper

Enclosed in attachment. (Psychology) - Research Paper Example Creative cognition is defined as the approach that is used to explain the role of cognitive processes in the process of creative thinking. The main objective of the science dealing with the creative cognition is to be able to determine the components of the creative process. Through years of study and in depth empirical data analysis, it has been concluded that the process of creative thinking acts on a multitude of different processes. It is not limited to a certain psychological area or component that can be labeled as its own. This conclusion then makes it a challenge to limit the components and mechanisms that are involved in the process of creative cognition (Smith, Ward and Finke, 1995). One of the main issues in the study of creative cognition is the basis of mechanism. One group believes in the evidences pertaining to the fact that creative cognition is based on expertise. On the other hand, an opposing side purports that creative cognitions is based on insight. The aim of the paper is to present an analysis of the two opposing sides on the basis of the available evidences. By being based on expertise, it means that creative cognition is a structured process of psychological and mental activity. This can be considered analogous to a ‘systematic and well-organized’ manner of mental processes that are structured in different aspects (Stemberg, 1999, p.208). Based on the evidences related to the said concept, when the brain is given a particular problem to resolve, the automatic reaction is an analysis based on memory. This can be considered as logical resolutions to different stimuli. For example one issue is tackled, different parts of the brain related to the said issue is activated. This can be related to the popular saying that ‘experience is the best teacher.’ Due to the fact that the brain has stored information related to the issue, processing of the data is more efficient (Gabora,