Market Analysis Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Market Analysis - Assignment Example Over the span of the Choice-based examination, I took a gander at three principle traits: Region, Brand and Price. Each property had two principle choices. Area had a not notable locale and notable district. Brand had a not notable brand and notable brand. At long last, cost had low and significant expense. Every decision set was joined by three unmistakable other options. The two alternatives doled out to each factor depended on the assessment of the ideal decision. In conjoint examination, the two choices are alluded to as levels. To have the option to have an away from of the characteristics and levels of the item (wine) each trait enveloped various viewpoints. For example, brand included perspectives, for example, the maker, distributer and the retailer while district mostly spoke to the area of the item that is the assembling spot and conveyance place. The benefit of utilizing a conjoint examination is on the grounds that it gives a decision that is discrete and it can put a dollar esteem on the qualities and their levels. This examination adjusted a decision based conjoint classification where each respondent chooses just a single option dependent on the on a given decision set. Be that as it may, the decisions may tend not to contain all the other options (Wiley, 2010, p.36). The following is a table demonstrating a synopsis of the item qualities and the levels that were tried in this investigation: Given the decision set of the reaction options for the eight decision configuration set, the conjoint model is for the most part used to decide the general best option dependent on the decisions inside the characteristic utility scores. A decision set alludes to a lot of options. Over the span of deciding the best other option, the respondent may not be in a situation to utilize all the choices that are available. The utility scores got from the Choice-Based investigation with an expansion of $ 5 in cost are spoken to in the table underneath: Each property level score along with the scores

Law and terrorism Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3250 words

Law and fear based oppression - Essay Example This paper will fundamentally examine the current UK authoritative system overseeing the social affair of secretive insight on fear monger suspects and the important shields to guarantee that guarantee that police and security administrations don't disregard the common freedoms of suspected person. Secretive Operations Perhaps, it very well may be said that the best undercover insight activity was the activity Neptune Spear/Geronimo which propelled the assault of Osama Bin Laden’s safe house in Bilal town of Abbottbad, Pakistan at around 1:00 a.m. (Listverse, 2011, p. 1). US Navy Seals penetrated through the high dividers of Bin Ladin’s safe house utilizing explosives while airborne US exceptional tasks order, otherwise called Night Stalkers were ready Black Hawk Helicopters and two Chinooks as reinforcements (Listverse, 2011, p. 1). The SEALS discovered Bin Laden on the third floor and shoot him on his head and chest. Osama’s dead body was brought to Afghanistan for ID and covered adrift inside 24 hours of his demise (Listverse, 2011, p. 1). ... e result, have additionally observed the need to characterize and refine the country’s clandestine insight activity system of its security powers utilizing the resolutions specified under the Regulations of Investigatory Powers Act 2000 (RIPA) (Home Office, 2013, p. 1; Gov.uk, 2013). This has been considered as the Home Office direction to nearby experts in England and Wales on the legal endorsement process for RIPA and the wrongdoing edge of reconnaissance (Home Office, 2013, p. 1; Gov.uk, 2013) RIPA characterized the system of the government’s incognito investigatory methods as created by open specialists (Legislation.gov.uk, 2013, p. 1). The system in itself doesn't tweaked such capacity to execute secretive exercises yet in the event that these exercises are embraced by the committee officials, RIPA cutoff points, control and direct the way on how clandestine knowledge gathering are attempted to discover this is reliable to the Article 8 of the European Convention o n Human Rights (ECHR) that orders security powers to regard the private and family life of the suspects (Legislation.gov.uk, 2013, p. 1). Under RIPA, the neighborhood specialists constrained the nearby experts on utilizing three undercover methods to forestall untoward frequencies by early discovery and checking of confusion (Legislation.gov.uk, 2013, p. 1). This security system approved assigned people on noteworthy issues that may cause social mischief and confusion yet require such fundamental equalization of proportionate consideration that the undercover insight activity and interruption, to assemble data, won't genuinely abuse the privilege of protection of an individual on the bases of unwarranted charges or doubt (Legislation.gov.uk, 2013, p. 1). Moral code of secret activities refines further the extent of forces on important

Dean Marilee Jones in the news

Dean Marilee Jones in the news MITs Dean of Admissions Marilee Jones (our rockin leader) is in the news. Below, Ive highlighted four major media stories featuring Marilee from the past week, with a selection from the piece; click the link to read or listen to the entire story. In the New York Times: Her Mission: Easing Stress of Getting In Looking at colleges with her daughter was often painful, Marilee Jones recalls. Not because of anything her daughter Nora did, but because of the behavior of admissions officers and parents. Admissions officials routinely boasted of the number of applicants with perfect 800 SAT scores whom they had turned down. Message: You’ll never get in here. They tried so hard to present their university as offering something for everyone that they failed to convey what made their institution different. Parents did not do any better. Overly aggressive, they monopolized the question-and-answer sessions and shoved their teenagers aside to cram into sample dorm rooms on campus tours. Unlike most parents, Ms. Jones could do something about the excesses she saw. The dean of admissions at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Ms. Jones said the experience made her re-evaluate many of her assumptions about college admissions. “It helped me get real about what we’re actually looking for,” she said. “It helped me realize what a business we have become, the spin we put on things, trying to be something for everyone.” In USA Today: Getting into college taxes teens, parents The American Academy of Pediatrics warns that todays overscheduled lifestyle is robbing children of the developmental benefits of play. It also cites pressures created by the high-anxiety college admissions process. The academy discusses this in a new book, Less Stress, More Success: A New Approach to Guiding Your Teen Through College Admissions and Beyond. USA TODAYs Mary Beth Marklein spoke with co-authors Marilee Jones, admissions dean at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, and pediatrician Kenneth Ginsburg. Q: Why the extra focus on college admissions? Jones: It can be a big driver. Many of us in college admissions have set standards that are so high, and weve been sending the message that kids need to be perfect. We get rewarded by U.S. News rankings for admitting those kids, and as a result were caught up in it. The other piece is that we have a tendency to want kids to look alike. We want them to take so many AP classes, we fixate on the scores, and oh, by the way, they should have so many activities and they should also be leaders. They get headaches, or migraines, or stomach problems â€" all the classic signs of stress â€" because the adults in their world are holding them to such a high standard. Theres no room to fail. On NPRs Morning Edition: School, Study, SATs: No Wonder Teens Are Stressed Chelsea Halprin, a junior, hopes to apply to Columbia or Harvard. She has a nonstop schedule: homework, class president, team sports, mentoring younger students, helping at her synagogue. But she worries that in spite of all she does, it might not be enough. And she has a point. This is sort of the peak of the demographics, says Marilee Jones, the MIT dean of admissions. So when people feel anxious about the competition and worry that, Oh no, there are just so many people applying to college, theyre right. Thats a true anxiety they feel. That anxiety can take a toll on health, says adolescent medicine specialist Ginsburg. He sees many teenagers whose bodies show the signs of stress, whether its headaches or chest pain or belly pain. At the extreme and I want to emphasize that this is the extreme â€" were seeing more kids who are engaging in self-mutilation, Ginsburg says. [Its] a way of taking control over their life when they feel their life is out of control. And I see quite a few kids with eating disorders. Its kids who just feel like they cant handle everything theyre doing. There are other, less obvious concerns. Jones believes that creativity and innovative thinking are taking a hit. Because students are so busy all the time, because parents think thats what they need to get into college, and we in college admissions officers reinforce that, they dont get into their imagination enough, Jones says. Her remedy: Lets free up a lot of kids to be able to do that and not force everybody to have all of those AP classes and all of those activities. And in an interview/discussion on NPRs On Point [edit: as noted in the comments, this one is a few years old now; it snuck in because of my hasty blogging. Nevertheless, its interesting to hear what Marilee was saying three years ago, in comparison with today]: College Admissions Chaos While the college years can be the best years of your life, not the same can be said about applying to college these days. Baby boomers have produced a booming crop of college bound students and they are carrying the enormous expectations of their parents to get into top schools. More applicants to top schools has led to more rejections, and that only has made schools more selective and thus, more desirable. Its now 20 percent harder to get into any college than it was just a decade ago, says the Atlantic Monthlys National Correspondent Jim Fallows. In the lead story of the magazines first-ever college survey, he describes parents, their private college consultants, and the colleges themselves going to new heights and lows in working the admissions process.

Media Rationale And Publicity Of Advertising - 914 Words

Media Rationale and Publicity As previously stated, the promotion should utilize print and possibly television advertising, e-marketing, sales-generating promos, direct marketing, and public relations outreach. Each of these elements must be tweaked to target the younger segment of consumers in order to spur sales in the short term and form brand loyalty/habits in the segment for later. The second goal is in fact more important, since the generation will ultimately age and take on more decision-making capacities for properties in the future. Each element of the promotional mix can help to achieve this goal. Print and television advertising are conventional approaches with huge reach. They will contact large audiences, and will generate broad public awareness of the message, which is that winter is approaching and as temperatures drop pests will come indoors. To preserve a safe and clean home, our services are necessary. This message simultaneously creates a need and justifies the val ue of our service. The images of print ads and possible television ads should be executed with the maximum level of creativity. The grizzly details of pests are less important than the association of Truly Nolen with absence of disgusting pests. If this can be achieved, creativity can be relatively unchained in our adds, an approach which will free us to engage younger consumers with cultural references, trends, and symbols meaningful to them. As far as television goes, cost must beShow MoreRelatedJamberoo Marketing Business Report, Thomas Sabo Marketing Plan2176 Words   |  9 Pagesenables the business to engage consumers with constantly updated products. Customer-Oriented Marketing Rationale JAP’s customer-oriented marketing rationale is aimed at increasing customer satisfaction, the magnitude of visitors and revenue. Market segmentation processes and surveys are used to identify the needs and wants of particular target markets. The customer-oriented marketing rationale is a strength in JAP’s marketing plan as it enables marketing strategies to be refined to appeal to particularRead MoreAnalysis Of The Article The Real Beauty Backlash 1053 Words   |  5 Pages This Country: Regulated by Media What dictates the social roles, the individual responsibility everyone has in society, and stereotypes, an overgeneralized and oversimplified belief of a particular person or group, in America’s 21st century society? Can rationale and critical thinking be held accountable for the establishment of ethical beliefs involving people and their sex, gender related value systems? The following readings covered in this essay are both found within the textbook, Signs ofRead MoreMarketing Proposal : Marketing Plan1575 Words   |  7 Pagesprofitability without deviating from the core mission. This proposal will address the key issues facing the company, propose strategies to solve the pertinent issues and choose the best strategy for implementation. Furthermore, the proposal will explain the rationale for choosing the aforementioned strategy and analyze the strategy’s execution plan. Statement of Purpose The aim of this marketing proposal is to identify the key issues lowering profitability at Greyston Bakery, propose three strategies to increaseRead MoreMovie Marketing : More Than Just Media Interviews1025 Words   |  5 PagesMovie marketing – more than just media interviews Description: Over the past 10 years Hollywood has been filling less and less seats in its theatres. Home-entertainment options like streamed movies/TV shows and video games have significantly eaten away at moviegoers motivation to visit the big screen. Hollywood has fought hard to maintain its profitability by providing a richer viewing experience to its patrons. 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These elements are personal selling, advertising, sales promotion, direct marketing, and publicity.[1] A promotional mix specifies how much attention to pay to each of the five subcategories, and how much money to budget for each. A promotional plan can have a wide range of objectives, including: sales increases, newRead MoreBoa Resolution2496 Words   |  10 PagesBOARD OF ACCOUNTANCY Resolution No. 126 Series of 2008 ADOPTION OF THE RULES AND REGULATIONS ON ADVERTISING FOR THE PHILIPPINE ACCOUNTANCY PROFESSION WHEREAS, the Philippine Accountancy Act of 2004, Article II Section 9(f) empowers the Board of Accountancy â€Å"to prescribe and/or adopt a Code of Ethics for the practice of accountancy† and Section 9(g) provides that the Board of Accountancy shall â€Å"monitor the conditions of accountancy and adopt such measures, including promulgation of accounting andRead MoreUse of Integrated Marketing Communications in the Fast Food Industry1691 Words   |  7 PagesMoreover, marketers can combine IMC tools (advertising, sale promotion, personal selling, direct marketing and public relations) rather than separate practices to create values and avoid potential conflicts (Duncan Everett, 1993). In fast food industry, fast food chains integrate advertising, sale promotion, sponsorship, packaging and Internet to promote their products as well as build brand image (Sperber, 2003; Story French, 2004; Morrison, 2010). Advertising is most used form of communication andRead MoreCase Study Nordstrom: How to Succeed by Selling Just One Shoe by Allen White1004 Words   |  5 Pagesmaster their department while Targets employees can work in a different department any given day. 3. Analyze the six components of Nordstrom’s retailing mix to determine which have the most important to the company’s success. Provide a detailed rationale. Product, place, promotion, price, presentation and personnel are the six components of the retailing mix. Known as the six Ps projects a stores image and influences a customers’ perception. Product is the first element of the retail mix where retailersRead MoreMkt 505 Courseguide6356 Words   |  26 PagesCritical role of leadership on ethical climate and salesperson behaviors. Journal of Business Ethics, 86(2), 125-141. Okazaki, S., Mueller, B. Taylor, C. (2010). Global consumer culture positing: Testing perceptions of soft-sell and hard-sell advertising appeals between U.S. and Japanese consumers. Journal of International Marketing, 18(2), 20-34. Santos, N. J., Laczniak, G. R. (2009). Marketing to the poor: An integrative justice model for engaging impoverished market segments. Journal of Public

Should the Legal Drinking Age Be Lowered - 2541 Words

This law has been an abysmal failure. It hasnt reduced or eliminated drinking. It has simply driven it underground, behind closed doors, into the most risky and least manageable of settings,(Debate) said John McCardell of â€Å"Choose Responsibility†. Choose Responsibility is a non-profit organization that is for lowering the drinking age to 18. Young adults can vote, fight and die for their country overseas, and purchase tobacco at age 18, but why cannot they have a beer? Drinking among the youth in the United States has escalated to dangerous levels such as binge drinking, reckless parties, and even death. The average age when kids take their first sip of alcohol is a staggering 14 years of age (Debate). The legal drinking age of†¦show more content†¦The adults in this country should step up their game, and put a stop to these actions. This brings in the next option. Which is for parents to step in, take command, and teach their kids the responsibilities of being a young adult. The legal age of 21 pushes kids under the age behind closed doors, putting them in the out most danger of alcohol and the effects of it on the bodies of the youth. Behind these closed doors, teens are least supervised around a big group of friends with tons of alcohol, and the peer pressure of having one more drink, then that turns into two more drinks, then that into three, and so on a so forth. This act of binge drinking could skyrocket the risks of getting into a car with friends and driving under the influence. DUIs can cause death, which leads to lawsuits, which then leads to less money, then leads to more problems at home and blood on the parents hands. Adults of this country are reconized at the age of eighteen. On a childs eighteenth birthday, the adult may want to go enlist in the army, buy a carton of cigarettes, or even vote for the next president of the USA. But they cannot purchase alcohol. What is worse; fighting overseas with machine guns with blood everywhere, or a beer? If the United States of Americas government says that a child at 18 is a legal adult and move out on his/her own and start a family or do anything listed above, but they cannot purchase or legally consume alcohol. TheShow MoreRelatedThe Legal Drinking Age Should Not Be Lowered973 Words   |  4 Pages The Legal Age for Drinking Alcohol Should Not Be Lowered To 18 In the United States. Every state has the right to set its own legal drinking age. However, according to George Will in an article he wrote in the Washington Post about the legal drinking age, â€Å"drinking age paradox† â€Å"lowering the drinking age will cost the state ten percent of its federal highway funds and cause a significant uproar from contractors and construction unions.† It is therefore in the best interest of every citizenRead MoreThe Legal Drinking Age Should Be Lowered1732 Words   |  7 PagesThe definition of the word adult is: â€Å"a person who has attained the age of maturity as specified by law†(Dictionary.com). If this is so, then why is it that in the United States 18 year olds are legally considered adults in our society, but they can’t legally buy or consume alcohol? Yet at this age they are able to vote in an election, get married, serve on a jury, live on their own, purchase cigarettes, adopt a child, and defend our country. These are not easy tasks for one to take on, yet our governmentRead MoreThe Legal Drinking Age Should Be Lowered955 Words   |  4 PagesIn the United States of America, the National Government requires the states to enforce a legal drinking age of twenty-one. Where as the world average drinking age is eighteen, and in some Countries it is even lower where it is possible to get a beer at sixteen years of age. Taking that into consideration, there is a great deal of controversy in the United States on what the legal age should be to purchase and consume an alcoholic beverage. The largest issue being that you are considered to be anRead MoreThe Legal Drinking Age Should Be Lowered1170 Words   |  5 PagesFor a majority of the 20th century, the United States drinking age has been a big issue. After prohibition had concluded in 1933, twenty- one was the new legal drinking age. Meanwhile, during the Vietnam War, eighteen became the new legal drinking age. Finally in 1984, Congress pa ssed the National Minimum Drinking Age Act (MLDA). Since then, twenty-one years old has been the legal age to drink in the United States. There are several ways alcohol has been a reason for death such as, alcohol poisoningRead MoreThe Legal Drinking Age Should Be Lowered1553 Words   |  7 Pagesold male who lives in Oregon. To celebrate his 18th birthday, he decided to go out with some friends and have a few drinks. He knows that the legal drinking age is 21, but he thinks what is the harm? I am 18 and in other countries, you are allowed to drink before you turn 21. Later that night as John gets in the car with his friends after a few hours of drinking, everything seems to be going well as they are driving down the freeway on their way over to his friend Dan’s house that is just a few milesRead MoreThe Legal Drinking Age Should Not Be Lowered988 Words   |  4 PagesThe Legal Drinking Age Should Not Be Lowered There are copious amounts of people who believe that the legal drinking age should be lowered to eighteen. Others think the drinking age needs to remain the same. A few of those also conclude the legal age of adulthood should be raised to 21. The belief is if the adolescent brain has not matured enough to support alcohol use by age 21, it cannot make the responsible decisions required at 18 years of age. Voters should make the decision toRead MoreThe Legal Drinking Age Should Not Be Lowered1117 Words   |  5 Pagesto the legal age of alcohol consumption have been going on for many years. While some feel that 21 should remain as the legal minimum consumption age, others disagree. By examining different aspects of alcohol consumption such as social motives and health related concerns one is more able to fully grasp the role that alcohol plays in our society. Through research and analyzation one can come to the conclusion that a lowered legal drinking age is not the answe r. The legal drinking age should not beRead MoreThe Legal Drinking Age Should Be Lowered Essay1548 Words   |  7 PagesIn the United States, the legal drinking age is twenty-one. In all fifty states, however, there are exceptions for underaged drinking at home, under adult supervision, or for medical purposes (â€Å"Drinking Age†). Overall, the legal opportunities for any person under twenty-one to legally drink alcohol are very scarce. There are many different points, made by people from both sides of the issue about whether or not to lower the drinking age to eighteen, or leave it where it currently stands at twenty-oneRead MoreThe Legal Drinking Age Should Be Lowered1481 Words   |  6 Pagesthe century, underage drinking happens every day in the United States and for some this might seem unacceptable but for most this is all because an unfair law put up by the government. The legal drinking age should be lowered from 21 to 18 because, among other things; 18 is the age of adulthood in America and adults should have the right to make their own decisions, also traffic accidents and fatalities are most common among newly-legal drinkers regardless of their drinking age; and, this law has notRead MoreLegal Drinking Age Should Be Lowered2099 Words   |  9 Pages friends, and the feeling of being invincible. Although there are a legal alcohol drinking and purchasing age in various countries, it is easily accessible to those who are underage. Alcohol is a monitored and controlled substance that can be purchased legally, yet there are many concerns that surround the substance. There are pros, cons, and different patterns regarding alcohol and the legal alcohol drinking and purchasing age. As a result of alcohol use, there have been many fatalities and injuries

Police Corruption Free Essays

Police corruption is the misuse of police authority for personal gain. Examples include extortion (for example, demanding money for not writing traffic tickets) and bribery (for example, accepting money in exchange for not enforcing the law). The costs of police corruption Police corruption carries high costs. We will write a custom essay sample on Police Corruption or any similar topic only for you Order Now First, a corrupt act is a crime. Second, police corruption detracts from the integrity of the police and tarnishes the public image of law enforcement. Third, corruption protects other criminal activity such as drug dealing and prostitution. Protected criminal activities are often lucrative sources of income for organized crime. The causes of police corruption According to the rotten apple theory, corruption is the work of a few, dishonest, immoral police officers. Experts dismiss this theory because it fails to explain why so many corrupt officers become concentrated in some police organizations but not others. Another explanation pinpoints U.S. society’s use of the criminal law to enforce morality. Unenforceable laws governing moral standards promote corruption because they provide criminal organizations with a financial interest in undermining law enforcement. Narcotic corruption, for example, is an inevitable consequence of drug enforcement. Providers of these illegal goods and service use part of their profits to bribe the police in order to ensure the continuation of criminal enterprises. Rooting out police corruption When police controls break down and a scandal occurs, special investigating commissions can mobilize public opinion and rally public support for anticorruption and antiviolence reforms. Commissions get information from the police department, pinpoint where the internal controls of the police have failed, and recommend changes in policy. The problem with these commissions is that they usually disappear after finishing their reports. Paul Chevigny asserts that continuing independent auditors would be more effective than commissions. He envisions the function of such auditors as investigating a range of police problems, including corruption and  brutality. Prosecuting corrupt police officers Since corruption involves criminal behavior, prosecution of corrupt police officers is possible. Since prosecutors depend on the police to gather evidence and develop cases, however, they often don’t want to â€Å"bite the hand that feeds them.† Legislative control Legislators could reevaluate laws that create the potential for corruption. Such a reassessment would be based on the recognition that a major portion of police corruption is an outgrowth of laws that criminalize drug use, prostitution, and gambling. Any serious attempt to fight police corruption must wrestle with the decriminalization issue. Decriminalization involves removing the criminal label from victimless crimes by legalizing and regulating them. Decriminalization would contribute significantly to improving the police corruption problem. It is doubtful, however, that Congress or any state legislature will seriously consider legalizing drugs or any other prohibited goods and services in the near future. How to cite Police Corruption, Papers Police Corruption Free Essays Drug-Related Police Corruption: An Increasing Problem Throughout Law Enforcement Agencies In The United States In the United States, drug-related police corruption is becoming an increasingly, unjustifiable problem throughout the ranks of law enforcement agencies. Many variables exist to explain the reason for their actions, but ultimately, what makes them do it? Knowing how to recognize a corrupted officer or one exhibiting signs of traveling down the wrong path is essential in order to mitigate the problem. Law enforcement leadership also plays a vital role in the identity and prevention of drug-related corruption. We will write a custom essay sample on Police Corruption or any similar topic only for you Order Now Drug-related police corruption is any act by a sworn police officer that is the sale, manufacture, distribution or supporting of drug activities for the personal gain of the officer. Why is this corruption a problem? Many law enforcement officers who are sworn in to protect the lives of our citizens, to abide and uphold the law, are doing the exact opposite, and this is a problem. The purpose of the study is to provide empirical data on cases of drug-related police corruption. It identifies and describes incidents in which police officers are arrested for criminal offenses associated with drug-related corruption. Data was analyzed on 221 drug-related arrest cases of officers employed by police agencies throughout the USA. Findings show that drug-related corruption involves a wide range of criminal offenses and that cocaine is the most prevalent drug. Older officers and those used by large companies are less likely than others to lose their jobs after a drug-related arrest (Philip Stinson, 2013). Drug-related police corruption is a problem that will not go away on its own which is evident by the statistics. The first step in preventing corruption would be to recognize the signs of a corrupted officer. Learn what puts an officer at risk of becoming corrupted, and what makes them defy the law they swore to uphold, protect and defend. Drug corruption is born out of police attitudes because if an officer is lacking the right attitude then corruption can become a mainstay for that officer (Cheurprakobkit, 1998). For example, if any officers believe that the enforcement of drug laws is a waste of their time and that they are underpaid, they may accept a bribe from a drug trafficker to allow the trade. This places a little more money in their pocket and allows them not to worry about enforcing a law they may not agree with. Knowing how to identify the signs of a corrupted officer is a necessary step to decreasing the amount of drug-related corruption, and may one day lead to mitigating the issue. What leads law enforcement to corruption? After looking at yearly sales of different drugs in the United States, it was found that weed brings in about $3 billion dollars, heroin $10 billion, and cocaine, a whopping $38 billion dollars annually (Stevens, 1999). If you pay attention to these numbers, you can clearly see how easy it would be for a low paid, frustrated police officer to turn corrupt and help with the sale, transport, or manufacturing of illegal substances. To reduce police corruption, the commissions recommend creating external oversight over the police with a unique focus on integrity, improving recruitment and training, guidance from supervisors of all ranks about integrity, holding all commanders responsible for the misbehavior of subordinates, and changing the organization’s culture to tolerate misbehavior less (Perito, 2011). While drug-related police corruption continues to pose a threat at some level in every law enforcement agency, it does not necessarily mean there is a high percentage of corrupt law enforcement officials. While it is a problem, it could be prevented with proactive steps – observing the actions and lifestyles of these police officers. There is an opportunity for corruption wherever there are drugs present, and no law enforcement official should be above suspicion. Corruption has been identified at the lowest and highest levels. How to cite Police Corruption, Papers

Evaluation of article of Positive Accounting Samples for Students.

Question: What is the applicability of present positive accounting research? Answer : Introduction Positive accounting is a branch of academic accounting research that is contrasted with normative accounting(Bowen, 2008). The article Half a defense of positive Accounting Research by Paul V Dunmore examines the various concepts related to the scope of positive accounting research. The term positive accounting was formed and developed by Watts and Zimmerman who formed the theory. The scope of this paper evaluates a broader framework for understanding and applicability of positive accounting research in accordance to human behavioral setting(Lennox, 2011). Poppers falsification criteria fail to test logic for statistical testing and superficial analogues. Existing models and theoretical frameworks are rather casual in nature that has heavy reliance on testing hypothesis. The scope of this report identifies the framework for positive accounting research by completely reviewing of the article. The pertinent research questions are identified from the same article along with the theoreti cal framework and significance of the article(Malmi, 2009). The article has provided useful information and inputs for formation and growth of the stream of positive accounting framework. Summary of the Article The article evaluates relevant concepts regarding positive accounting in a broader sense with explanations in accordance to human behavior. Positive accounting is an extremely useful concept hence it is examined according to ontology and epistemology of the program(Gaffikin, 2007). While defining positive accounting it has to be accommodated that it incorporates a wider framework of research which is scientific in nature and analyses by means of cause-and effect relationships(Smith, 2014). Accounting in contemporary organizations involves less human interventions and more of interpersonal complex systems that are used for decision making and information processing. Conducting accounting research by way of ontology and epistemology enables overcoming shortfalls and challenges incurred in positive accounting research(Hopwood, 2007). Positive accounting research has been conducted by multiple researchers has been unable to explore and make contribution towards application of projects. Auditing literatures will be able to make positive contribution towards development of positive accounting research. Through well-established social systems positive accounting research will be able to achieve its real purpose. Kuhn (1970) initially suggested a concept for a disciplinary matrix approach which rather appears to be a paradigm for making an intellectual contribution(Dunmore, 2011). Lee (1997) also supported the paradigm proposed by self-replicating such data. The article is based on scientific proceeding by incorporating in random data collection with reliable information. There has been various positive research in accounting undertaken by Watts and Zimmerman. Their contribution is remarkable as they devised a theory for it by expressing an operational phenomenon. However, there are a large number of controversies on this given model as it is a fundamental model which cannot be defended in qualitative terms(Gow, 2010). The ways that managers deploy in for making decisions depict that there might be a number of ways in which accounting information might be presented. The usefulness of this article is in examining the gap that exists among positive accounting research and the applicable research which are practiced. Kuhn proposes a real world view of the aspect of positive accounting unlike Popper, who had proposed hypotheses for testing and applicability. Popper believes that testing of hypotheses and analyzing their results can yield valuable insights into accounting practices. The scope of this research proposes a puzzle that can be solved and applied by researchers in the field. Positive accounting research can be viewed as a nexus of contractual view of the company by providing an accounting tool for facilitation and performance. The publication made is complaint paradigm that established high rejection rates. Thus, from the findings of the research it can be established that Type I error is new and unexpected in nature thus, can make significant contribution. Many researchers who view positive accounting to be deficient can make use of this journal and extend the work. Poppers criteria is focused on falsification and hypothesis testing through collected data. There are many researchers who rely on statistical procedures for testing their claims and in building of theories. But there are several potential weaknesses associated with the statistical procedure itself. Hypothesis testing fails due to technical issues multiple number of times. Comparison with Pioneer anomaly further reveals the weakness associated with the results. However, as accounting data is subject to a series of measurement error and noise there remains role for statistics in positive accounting research. but the central theme of utilization of statistics should be to apply it in making of estimation rather than incorporating in for hypothesis testing procedures. Positive accounting research provides a wider endeavor that is scientific in nature, for incorporating in human behavior and in understanding complex behaviors of organizations. In practice world decisions are influenced by way of control systems and specialized information, thus it cannot have weak methods for drawing inferences. Positive accounting research needs more of theoretical models that can have applicability, they need to also provide scope for improvement. Further these models needs to be as accurate as possible in nature, either horizontal or linear in approach. Theoretical models needs to be tested and developed with experimental capabilities hence have to have an analytical approach. But the scope of positive accounting research has remained aloof from empirical tests. Models proposed by Feltham and Ohlson (1995) offer some path for testing their propositions. Focus of positive research needs to be on measurement which offers shift from testing. Choi et al. (2009) offe rs audit complexity and strength from legal regime which are related to each other. Hence, while testing and measuring concepts needs to be detailed and cleared for understanding. Thus, all the studies conducted are more replication after replication rather than proposing something new. The objective behind replication is to explore the limits of previously suggested models and reflect on the sampling errors of them. Thus, extending the approach of earlier research work done and providing applicability for the same. Research The scope of this study and article has evaluated various pertinent research questions that have been evaluated throughout the scope of the research(Kabir, 2011). Some pertinent theoretical questions are as follows; Theoretical Framework The thesis statement proposed in contemporary accounting research evaluates mechanisms that shape financial statement information making approaches(Ahmed, 2007). The first approach discussed here is focused on investors while the second one is focused on managers. Hence, the first approach proposes that financial statements are for investors, this is the main approach identified by primary accounting research. This views has also gained support from financial reporting standards setting boards and key textbooks for accounts. Thus, the primary focus of the theory remains that investors are the audience for financial statement information. Therefore, it draws from this that financial statements need to be regulated that can protect investors from frauds and conspicuous reporting(Larcker, 2010). But then also investors do not base their decisions solely on financial reporting and capital markets functions as avenues that help mitigate financial risks. While investors avert opportunists views of managers the sole reliability of the theory is to protect the status of investors. Thus, arises scope for providing an alternate way whereby a separate point of view can be established. Fundamental requirement for critical qualitative research for theoretical models has to provide applicable limits. Hence, studies needs to valuated competing theories while treating a theory that can examine wider data sets(Kothari, 2010). Through positive accounting human behavior or approaches to accounting can be established. There are theories present which cannot be challenged and applicability is assumed compared to evidencing them. The outputs from these various theories consists of uninterruptable coefficients that might or might not be consistent across samples. Hence the need for a theory was released and positive accounting theory was established(Bisman, 2010). Significance and Limitations of the Article The significance of this article is in approaching positive accounting research by way of ontology and epistemology which had not been attempted earlier(Oler, 2010). The new line of research was extremely powerful in determining ways and means that accounting can progress. The research done within the article has made several serious contributions as mentioned below; It has been identified that there is a need for development of a theoretical model that can be highly specific and vulnerable(Barth, 2008). There was a need of a model that can be applied and be used for further research of scholars. The need of a model which can easily be tested and structured was high as it was insufficiently developed. The model has provided means for measurement that can be operationalized. While selecting a model for application functional attributes of the same needs to be formed and linear relationship with other concepts needs to be made(Melis, 2007). The reliable measure can act in favor of audit as well by depiction of correct parameters. While most models deals with testing of hypothesis, this model proposes parameters for measurements. Measurement with significant skill and results was estimated by use of this model(Tjosvold, 2008). Finally the article provides validation of conclusion from testing of hypothesis for confirmation of accuracy for extending limits of research. Conclusion The area of positive accounting research has made tremendous contributions to wider number of projects due to its applicability. The key objective of the paper is to identify the various forces that help shape financial statement information. There are two viewpoints that have been analyzed in the study. While predominant research in the field suggests investors viewpoint being the key driving force, the scope of this paper examines epistemology and ontology of positive research. The paper addresses the key gap areas which current researches in accounting does not account for a successful research program. Though there remain several suggestions for quantitative positive research, yet there remains to be a need for theoretical models that are specific and vulnerable for detailed testing purpose. As several models in is positive accounting research have failed to make serious impacts, accounting relationships are merely expressed in terms of signs that can link two variables. There is immense number of elaborate models for the purpose of analytical research but they are not structured well such that they can be implemented or can be operational in nature. Hence, the paper draws on a stable model that can function well and be applied in the aspects of positive accounting research. The scope of this paper might not be provide much enhancement to the human knowledge but will be useful for researchers who are willing to make positive contribution in the field. Reference Ahmed, A. S. (2007). Accounting conservatism and board of director characteristics: An empirical analysis. . Journal of accounting and economics, 411-437. Barth, M. E. (2008). International accounting standards and accounting quality. Journal of accounting research, 467-498. Bisman, J. (2010). Postpositivism and accounting research: A (personal) primer on critical realism. Australasian Accounting Business Finance Journal, 3. Bowen, R. M. (2008). Accounting discretion, corporate governance, and firm performance. Contemporary Accounting Research, 351-405. Dunmore, P. V. (2011). Half a Defence of Positive Accounting Research. Gaffikin, M. (2007). Accounting research and theory: the age of neo-empiricism. . Australasian Accounting Business Finance Journal, 1. Gow, I. D. (2010). Correcting for cross-sectional and time-series dependence in accounting research. The Accounting Review, 483-512. Hopwood, A. G. (2007). Whither accounting research?. The accounting review, 1365-1374. Kabir, H. (2011). Positive accounting theory and science. Kothari, S. P. (2010). Implications for GAAP from an analysis of positive research in accounting. . Journal of Accounting and Economics, 246-286. Larcker, D. F. (2010). On the use of instrumental variables in accounting research. Journal of Accounting and Economics, 186-205. Lennox, C. S. (2011). Selection models in accounting research. . The Accounting Review, 589-616. Malmi, T. . (2009). In search of management accounting theory. European Accounting Review, 597-620. Melis, A. (2007). Financial statements and positive accounting theory: The early contribution of Aldo Amaduzzi. . Accounting, Business Financial History, 53-62. Oler, D. K. (2010). Characterizing accounting research. Accounting Horizons, 635-670. Smith, M. (2014). Research methods in accounting. Sage. Tjosvold, D. (2008). The conflict?positive organization: It depends upon us. . Journal of Organizational Behavior, 19-28.

Research Proposal on Urbanization Essay Example

Research Proposal on Urbanization Essay Urbanization is the process of the increase of the role of cities in the life and development of the human society. The core factors which cause urbanization are the concentration and growth of industry in big cities, the increase of their cultural and political functions and the higher possibility of employment. A characteristic feature of urbanization is the constant flow of population from the rural areas into a big city with the purpose to find work, entertain, study, etc. The process which can be opposed to urbanization is ruralization and means the flow of people from the big cities to the small towns and villages because of various factors (poor ecological situation, busy way of life, bankrupting of the city, etc). The process of urbanization is possible due to the transformation of the rural settlements into big towns and cities; formation of the wide suburban areas; migration from the countryside to the urban areas. There is an interesting process which is aimed at the optimization of the natural environment for the life of people in the urban areas and it is called urbanization of the nature. The brightest examples of this process are parks and green recreational areas in the boarders of the big city, which serve for the aesthetic and ecological purposes. The process of urbanization can be called a logical one, because the role of cities is extremely important for people. Cities provide people with work, cultural life, entertainment, education, constant move, energy, dynamics, all sorts of activity, etc. Moreover, cities have always been the political centers where the fate and the international position of every country were made. We will write a custom essay sample on Research Proposal on Urbanization specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Research Proposal on Urbanization specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Research Proposal on Urbanization specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Urbanization is an interesting topic which can explain the role of cities for the life and development of the human civilization. The topic is quite relevant, because the number of cities is constantly growing and it is sensible to improve knowledge on this problem and prepare a good research paper on it. Of course, before writing a research paper a student is supposed to complete a high-quality urbanization research proposal and persuade the professor that the choice of the topic is successful. One should complete well-organized methodology and literature review sections and explain the purpose of the research and illustrate the predicted results. It will not be a secret that many students face troubles while writing their research proposals, so the high-quality help of the Internet will be quite useful for everyone. A free sample research proposal on urbanization prepared by the professional writer can teach every student how to organize and format the text correctly. Moreover, with the assistance of a free example research proposal on urbanization one can get to know about the topic more. At EssayLib.com writing service you can order a custom research proposal on Urbanization topics. Your research paper proposal will be written from scratch. We hire top-rated PhD and Master’s writers only to provide students with professional research proposal help at affordable rates. Each customer will get a non-plagiarized paper with timely delivery. Just visit our website and fill in the order form with all proposal details: Enjoy our professional research proposal writing service!

Jules Verne The Father of Science Fiction essays

Jules Verne The Father of Science Fiction essays Jules Verne: The Father of Science Fiction The father of Science Fiction, a visionary French novelist, a short story writer, and a dramatist. This is the essence of the man we know today as Jules Verne. In his voluminous writings he foresaw a number of scientific devices and developments that were more than a century ahead of his time. Some of the inventions he imagined were created later in his lifetime, but some are still to be invented. He wrote over 80 books mostly before 1900 and a few of the things he described were helicopters, modern weapons, movies with sound, television and rockets. He was also the author of 20,000 Leagues under the Sea, which was written in the 1800's - years before the first sub was invented. Jules Verne was an amazing writer who predicted the science future of the world. He was popular with all kinds of readers: rich, poor, young, old, scientists, artists and rulers. Jules Verne came into Nantes, France on February 8, 1828. As a son of a magistrate he was a very ambitious child who was always eager to learn and be knowledgeable. His parents were also very interested in traveling and going on safaris to new and undiscovered lands (Verne, Microsoft Encarta). This was thought to have a big influence on his later writings. When he was six years old he began attending boarding school and when he was nine he moved on to St. Stanislas, a secondary school, with younger brother, Paul (Verne, Something about the Author). When he was very young he ran off to be a cabin boy on a merchant ship, but he was caught and returned to his parents ("Jules Verne" Encyclopedia Britannica). In 1847 Jules was sent to study law in Paris. While there, however, his passion for theatre grew. Later in 1850, Jules Verne's first play was published. He then dropped out of Law School and began to explore the field of theatre and writing more intensely. However, his father was outraged when he h ...

Not Listening to a Child as a Form of Neglect Essay

Not Listening to a Child as a Form of Neglect - Essay Example However, the real challenge is the application of past findings and integrating them in the participation of children for the sustainability of their rights. It is apparent from stereotypes and perceptions that the rights of children have been neglected hence impacting on the development of children. According to Lansdown (2005), listening to children's expressions and experiences at school, home or other environmental settings helps in raising their esteem, social skills, and cognitive abilities. Therefore, the more children are involved and engaged, the more they increase their competence, confidence and acquisition of other skills. It is important as a parent or for any responsible person to positively engage them through listening them, as it will contribute positively to their mental and psychological growth. Marginalized children and those who are vulnerable in society especially the looked after face a challenge in realizing their potential, thus they should be provided with support through participatory engagement and listening to their demands and needs (Howe and Covell 2005). Listening to children also helps challenge situations of violence, discrimination, injustices or other related threats therefore serving to protect children. Silencing children means that any injustices against them are kept in the dark, while the abusers get protected rather than the children. Jones and Welch (2010) affirm that, if children are encouraged to speak and are listened to, then it will rather be easier for any violations to be exposed.

Entrepreneurs at Twitter Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Entrepreneurs at Twitter - Essay Example nalysts started arguing that the company lacks a sustainable future and many were of the opinion that Twitter does not have an efficient marketing strategy. This report has aimed analysing Twitter’s past and present records to map out its journey. Subsequently, its marketing strategy – which is largely undefined – has been evaluated and the future strategies have been recommended. The capability of Twitter to earn profits has also been touched upon while analysing how the company may capitalise on its popularity. Finally, an action plan has been recommended. The current topic necessitates an analysis of the business case of the popular microblogging service called Twitter. Headquartered in San Francisco, the organisation had commenced it business in 2006. It had an almost instantaneous success because of the fact that it shares numerous characteristics with most of the commonly used communication tools such as â€Å"email, IM, texting, blogging, RSS, social networks and so forth† (O’Reilly & Milstein, 2009, p.7). However, the uniqueness of this service lies in the fact that messages that are sent and received on it â€Å"are no more than 140 characters, or about the length of a news headline† (O’Reilly & Milstein, 2009, p.7), and hence, they can be easily read as well as written. Owing to the speed at which information is shared through it, it has been argued that companies must be present on Twitter as it is an invaluable platform that helps in bootstrapping marketing activities. On a more precise note, with Twitter, companies (especially start-ups and SMEs) â€Å"can help their search engine rankings and website traffic† (Thomases, 2010, p.90). In the light of the immense business potential that Twitter is capable to offer, this case analysis will aim at evaluating its current situation and part record. Simultaneously, attempts will be made to comprehend the marketing strategy of Twitter in order to recommend future strategies. In addition to these,

Whether History Is An Art Or A Science Philosophy Essay

Whether History Is An Art Or A Science Philosophy Essay In answering the question of whether history is an art or a science, the very nature of the subject is at stake. Interpretations of what discipline history belongs to change over time, leading to a continuing re-evaluation of the subject, beginning in the 19th century. The end result is a debate that is controversial, never fading away in the absence of a finite conclusion. The first argument that emerged was historicism, which began this debate. This was quickly followed by the contrasting beliefs of positivism and idealism. Having looked at some theories which argue either art or science, it is imperative to look at the current status of the debate today. The best answer includes elements from both sides of the argument as an answer that tries to reach a resolution in favour of either side of the argument will almost immediately be disproved. What is evident from this is there is no clear answer to the question, no conclusion will please everybody. Therefore there is a continuing n eed to give this question plenty of attention to try to solve it. Defining what is art, and what is science is important, before discussing the number of theories that have emerged. In the Oxford English Dictionary, art is defined as the expression or application of human creative skill and imagination, typically in a visual form such as a painting or sculpture, producing works to be appreciated primarily for their beauty and emotional power  [1]  . Some of what was said is relevant, especially the part that relates to creativity and imagination, a point relevant to idealism. The third definition given is however much more relevant; art is subjects of study concerned with human creativity and social life, such as languages, literature and history (as contrasted with scientific or technical subjects)  [2]  The definition outlines what an art is in the context of the academic world, inferring that art cannot be linked to science. This is shown in the parentheses at the end of the definition, seeming to justify why the historical debate has co ntinued over time; it believes that art is unable to co-exist with science and other technical subjects. These definitions are recent in comparison to the one given in the 1890s by Croce. He states art is neither a means of giving and sensuous pleasure, nor a representation of natural fact but the intuitive vision of individuality  [3]  . Croce begins his definition by outlining what art isnt, before explaining what it is in his opinion, the individual, specifically their intuition. What these definitions show is limited agreement on what an art is. It is a broad term, for which there are many meanings, which over time has changed. The dictionary definition is more recent than Croces, and it shows in the differences of opinion they have. Croce argues the individuals importance, whereas the dictionary argues about creativity, something which today we have taken as to be the exact meaning. The original meaning of science differs to what we believe it to be today, similar to how the definitions of art differ from what Croce thought. Formerly, science meant knowledge, or learning or any branch of it  [4]  . It is an incredibly broad statement, from which it is possible to conclude that most things are science, since almost everything involves learning knowledge. The Oxford English dictionary defines science as the intellectual and practical activity encompassing the systematic study of the structure and behaviour of the physical and natural world through observation and experiment  [5]  . From this, it can be inferred that when history is defined as science, they believe that history covers everything, the physical and natural world. Unlike art, there are no further definitions included on science, so it is much simpler to define. It is perhaps this simplicity that leads to history being viewed as a science. One further point relates to definitions in languages b eside English. Carr believes that definitions in other languages hinder the English interpretation of what history is; in every other European language, the equivalent word to science includes history without hesitation  [6]  . He believes that the definition of science is broader than what English makes it out to be, if other languages include science, then that is something that should be looked at in English. Because of this, some historians especially those from Europe assume that what the definition says is what history is. Equally, this debate has been limited to English speaking countries for some time, so perhaps Carr has a point and that English is what is wrong; include history in the definition and it will become accepted. Historicism was the philosophy that ignited the debate over whether history is science or art, at the start of the 19th century. Before this theory emerged, history was viewed as a branch of literature  [7]  , so there was a close link between the two. Historicism is the beginning of a shift away from literature, with the introduction of scientific methods. Popper defines historicism as an approach to the social sciences, which assumes that historical prediction is their principal aim  [8]  . The definition clearly shows the acknowledgement that science was becoming increasingly important to the study of history. Scientific method is apparent from the assertion of laws, which help achieve the aims, set out in the first definition, which are attainable by discovering the rhythms or the patterns, the laws or the trends that underlie the evolution of history  [9]  . Whilst these definitions come from Popper, a critic of historicism they explain what historicism is, showing h ow it moves away from previous beliefs of literature, and the shift towards science, which began this debate. One debate from the middle of the 19th century was the idea of positivism, which was quickly opposed by idealism. Positivism is a philosophy of knowledge, which uses the secrets of the natural world to help understanding of science and knowledge. Collingwood has described it as a philosophy in the service of natural science  [10]  . It is clear that positivism supports ideas linked to science in history, given its closeness to the definition of science outlined above. Positivism is highly dependent on the use of facts, which influence the study of the past. In terms of its method, it is close to a scientific investigation, critical of everything. Tosh comments facts are verified by applying critical methods to primary sources  [11]  , highlighting the thoroughness that is similar to scientific technique, if facts are verified in their context. This obsession with facts led Comte, one of its founders to believe historians would in due course uncover the laws of historical deve lopment  [12]  . The very belief that there are laws in history is confirmation of the positivists belief that history was a science, and if they believe that laws would work in the same way that laws in science worked, then history would be changed forever. In some ways, there is similarity between this idea and historicism, which believes in the existence of laws in history. Positivism continues the discussion. However, this idea is in contrast to Idealism, which rejected the entire principle on which their argument was based. Idealists argue history must be carefully distinguished from natural events because the identity between enquirer and his/her subject matter opens the way to a fuller understanding  [13]  . It dismisses the idea of positivism on the basis of its link to natural sciences. The key beliefs of idealism include empathy and intuition, emotions that the historian themselves can bring to study. Tosh comments, the reality of past events must instead be apprehended by an imaginative identification with the people of the past  [14]  . Methods in idealism are more about the individual historian, how they feel, how they make judgements based on the available evidence and furthermore, how they engage with the past. The basis of idealism is the opposite of positivism, it does not look at scientific method, and rather it believes more in imagination and things that shape inte rpretations. In that respect, it meets the definition that Croce set out at the end of the 19th century, being concerned with the individual and their response. In the present day, this debate continues to have relevance to historians and philosophers alike. The main cause of this is the imperative need to know. History is based around facts, therefore there needs to be a matter of fact judgement that says what discipline history belongs to. Until this happens, the issue will be highly relevant to all in the historical profession. A new theory has emerged in recent decades; Postmodernism. It values the priorization of language over experience  [15]  suggesting art and its associated ideas are today, much more important than any scientific ideas from the past. Southgate argues the incompatibility of postmodernist thinking with history. She describes it as a notoriously elusive concept, one which she feels is seen as an alien and hostile force, which she believes historians fear  [16]  . A working historian, Keith Thomas, reveals his methods are in line with has been construed to be art. He believes that his work is a literary construc tion, shaped by his moral values and intellectual assumptions  [17]  . He raises the contrast of lumpers and splitters, believing himself to be a lumper, as his work contains a broad-brush impression of beliefs and behaviours over a long period of time  [18]  . It is apparent he prefers to cover a wide time period rather analysing a fragment of that, probably because of the amount of research he does and collects, which makes it difficult to be selective with the facts. In conclusion, so much attention has been given to this question of what discipline history belongs to, because it matters hugely to historians. This is obvious from the scale of the debate that has occurred from the mid 19th century, as theories are challenged and counter-challenged. What is evident from all of this is the absence of a single solution to the problem, nobody is able to say History is science or History is art with confidence. In the absence of this, historians are left to discuss the idea, and are still unable to agree. This is because the subject matter is highly delicate to the historical profession, concluding that history is science or art will upset a large number of people who argue against that conclusion. Therefore perhaps the best outcome would be to say that history is neither singularly art nor science, rather is a fusion of the two disciplines. History needs to be interpreted therefore opinion on subjects matters, however there is also a need for close an alysis of source material, to critically look at sources. Good methods of studying need to be encouraged, and if they are in style of a scientific investigation that is no bad thing, seeing as scientists are thorough in their working methods. Similarly, empathy and intuition should also be spoken of as good qualities to have in a historian, the ability to empathise with the past and use ones own initiative are vitally important. Arguments collapse because historians do not look at them critically enough, and therefore have no evidence to back up their opinions. This debate is a dynamic subject, as been shown theories can develop almost overnight; surely the next idea is just around the corner. In this argument, facts are few and far between, and that is the reason for debate, the need for intuition. With no finite concluding statement, the question of whether history is art or science will continue for some time yet.

The Four Contexts of Motivation

Malcolm Knowles’ research in adult motivational learning produced four â€Å"distinct contexts†; Practical, Personal, Experiential, and Idealistic. The Practical context is motivated by a direct desired benefit result received from the learning such as a specific employment position, for financial wisdom and gain, or to apply the learning towards greater competency and confidence in making life decisions in situations anywhere from family to work, or even building that dream house that may have previously thought to be unattainable.The Personal context involves motivation directed by self fulfillment goals to overall better oneself and therein the quality of life. An adult student may for example want to learn in this context to increase self worth. Experiential learning differs from the other contexts in that one draws from real-life and past experiences motivated by a desire for renewal by consolidating with more current and forward ideas with the goal of improving an d refreshing their experience.The final Idealistic context motivation attracts those who just desire to continuously learn for the sake of the ongoing discovery of knowledge and new ideas throughout their lifespan. Learning wine tasting may be a venture for this type of learner. My learning motivation is Experiential. Professionally I have experienced a long career in the Human Resources field and held BA degree positions despite the fact that I did not have one. I do have my PHR but have learned mostly in a hands-on context. I have experienced both successful and unsuccessful situations during my career.I started my college education years ago and have procrastinated about returning for many years. I finally came to the realization that I need that degree and everything it offers in order to become more competent and confident in my business decisions. The unsuccessful situations I have experienced were due to my lack of a solid educational background. When I lacked the educational background to perform some of the tasks I was assigned I became panicked, stressed and found it necessary to be reactive.My motto during those times became ‘‘fake it until you make it! †. That attitude eventually caught up with me and forced me to face what I was missing. It took my losing a couple of positions to overcome the denial I was in. I know that I need this degree to enhance my performance and definitely for organizational development. I am know on a serious mission to complete this goal and believe attending Ashford University will give me the competency, knowledge and confidence I need to be successful resulting in a much happier and less stressful lifestyle.

Professional Abilities Essay

There are several organizations for each professional for example: teachers, social workers, accountants and business owners just to name a few. Then there are sororities and fraternities which consist of all of these professionals in one melting pot. The professional organization which I will describe in the paper is the National Association for the Education of Young Children (NAEYC). As an employee in a Child Care Facility being apart of this organization can help improve my career if I choose to become the director in a few months. The following paragraph describes the history of the organization and what it has done for the early childhood program. As a mother of 5 with 4 attending school in the public school system this organization is in the public eye and moving forward with efforts to improve the early childhood system and help teachers, parents and congress to understand how important our children’s education should be to us. I can join this organization and help to change laws that can have an impact for not only my children but also grandchildren, nieces, nephews and the children that attend my Childcare facility my eyes could be open to new information, meeting people from all aspects of life at the national meetings and even go to Washington DC to help influence them to increase the funding, or make changes to existing policies regarding early childhood education. NAEYC’s mission is to serve and act on behalf of the needs, rights and well-being of all young children with primary focus on the provision of educational and developmental services and resources. National Association for the Education of Young Children has become the nation’s premier organization for early childhood professionals—setting research-based standards and providing resources to improve early childhood program quality, enhance the professional development and working conditions of program staff, and to help families learn about and understand the need for high quality early childhood education. Through position statements, work with other organizations, and its national voluntary accreditation system, NAEYC has been the leader in promoting excellence in early childhood education for all young children from birth through age 8. NAEYC’s roots extend to the 1920s when professional researchers and educators began organizing nursery schools for young children. Concerned about the quality of the proliferating programs, Patty Smith Hill identified a multidisciplinary group of 25 individuals, among them Arnold Gesell, Lois Meek (Stolz), and Abigail Eliot, to consider the need for a new association. A public conference was held in Washington, DC in 1926. By 1929, the group was organized as the National Association for Nursery Education (NANE) and had published its first book—Minimum Essentials for Nursery Education. In 1964, NANE was reorganized as the National Association for the Education of Young Children (NAEYC). Also that year, the federal Head Start program was launched, focusing public attention on preschool education. In the early 1980s, concern about the quality of early childhood services available to the burgeoning numbers of families seeking child care and preschool programs for their young children led NAEYC to begin planning a national voluntary accreditation system for early childhood programs. NAEYC’s work in developing position statements and setting standards for different aspects of early childhood education continued throughout the 1990s. The National Institute for Early Childhood Professional Development focuses attention on improving the quality of preparation and ongoing professional development for teachers of young children by providing a place to learn from researchers about new developments and evaluations of pedagogy, curriculum, assessment, and teacher education. By its 75th anniversary in 2001, the association was engaged in a project to reinvent its accreditation system (scheduled to be fully implemented in 2006). Funding provided by a variety of contributors has been instrumental to the success of this effort. In addition, a comprehensive restructuring of its affiliate groups (most of which successfully re-affiliated in 2004) had also been launched. Interest Forums were established as a membership benefit in 2001 to encourage communities of learning on issues related to the NAEYC mission. Funding provided by the Doris Duke Charitable Foundation enabled NAEYC to establish the Supporting Teachers, Strengthening Families project to prevent child abuse and promote children’s healthy social development by helping teachers better communicate with families on difficult issues. The Association also adopted standards for professional preparation associate degree programs in early childhood education and launched plans to develop an accreditation system for these institutions. This effort has been generously supported by a number of contributors. The results of earlier efforts to build the Association’s policy presence are clearly visible in 2004. Affiliates and members receive training, technical assistance and resources to help them improve the capacity of their efforts to promote good public policies and investments in affordable, high quality early childhood education programs. NAEYC is recognized as a leading voice in Congress and in state capitols on what is needed to help improve early childhood programs and services for all young children and their families, ranging from child care and Head Start, to early elementary grade reading programs and appropriate assessment. Early childhood educators look to NAEYC for journals, books, and other resources that combine a solid research base and information and features that make them highly accessible and useful for practitioners, teacher educators, and policy makers. NAEYC Conferences continue to be the meetings that just can’t be missed, serving a critical convening function for the early childhood profession and providing a valuable professional development opportunity. Approaching its 80th anniversary, NAEYC is proud of its traditions, but also looks to the future. The Association is committed to becoming an ever more high performing inclusive organization that invites all individuals, families, communities and organizations to work together to improve the lives of all young children. They offer an Associate Degree Accreditation Program too many Universities that have programs in Early Childhood to make sure they are preparing their students for their career. They also offer Early Childhood professionals resources to improve their practice through training and professional development. After reading all the above information we should all be apart of this type of organization that cares greatly for the education system that our child (ren) participate in on a daily basis.

Iroquois Culture Essay - 854 Words

Iroquois Culture In order to fully understand and appreciate a culture different from one’s own, one must first have a grasp on ethnocentrism and how it can change thoughts and viewpoints. Ethnocentrism is a term used when someone is judging a culture’s ethics or way of life based upon his or her own belief structure or cultural values. Granted, being ethnocentric is not necessarily something to be ashamed of; everyone does it as a part of human nature. What one must realize, however, is that it can change one’s viewpoint to the point where another culture’s practices may seem barbaric. Ethnocentrism cannot be avoided. One simply must be aware that it happens and reflect upon it when it does occur. A few other problem areas†¦show more content†¦The Iroquois culture and the corresponding timeline can be crudely divided into two periods: life before contact with European settlers, and life after contact. The term â€Å"crudely† is used because blame for events that occur is not to be placed on the settlers. This division is also made because life for the Iroquois changed drastically after European contact. Iroquois nations found themselves competing for the goods the settlers offered. The settlers also brought with them diseases that the Iroquois had never been exposed to. Consequently, many nations suffered enormous losses simply because their bodies did not have immunity to these new diseases. One could say the Iroquois were enlightened by this new interaction with the settlers, but at what cost? In some Iroquois villages, nearly half the population was lost to disease. Much of what the settlers had to offer the Iroquois were merely luxuries. They had survived for centuries without them. The Iroquois were never a particularly peaceful culture from the settler’s standpoint. The settlers defined peace as an absence of war, while the Iroquois believed war was needed as a way to keep peace. The government structure served more as a guideline than law. It was not an alliance between the cultures. Many small battles arose, mostly vengeful acts. The Iroquois firmly believed no death was accidental;Show MoreRelatedEssay about The Iroquois 964 Words   |  4 PagesThe Iroquois Native Americans were the first people to live in America before any other man came. It is believed that the Native Americans came from Asia way back during the Ice Age through a land bridge of the Bering Strait. When the Europeans first set foot on America, there were about 10 million Native AmericansRead MoreIroquois : Native Life, Assimilation, And War1554 Words   |  7 PagesIroquois: Native Life, Assimilation, and War The Iroquois nations, one of the oldest and most prestigious tribes in the history of all Native Americans. 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